The Funnel of Justice: Why U.K. Cybercrime Victims Are Left Behind

New Insights from The Cyber Helpline reveal a shocking gap in the justice system for cybercrime victims in the U.K.

The report—The Funnel of Justice: Understanding Reporting
Gaps, Judicial Outcomes and Taxonomic Concerns
in Cybercrime and Online Harm Victimisation—is an in-depth investigation highlighting the stark realities that cybercrime victims face.

Despite more than 5 million people affected each year in England and Wales, victims are seven times less likely to see offenders charged compared to victims of offline crimes. Download the full report or a snapshot.

The report is authored by Charlotte Hooper, Head of Operations for The Cyber Helpline. For Hooper, the cause is personal, as she explained in an article in The Guardian. A stalker acquired some personal photos and posted them on not-so-flattering sites.

Here are key insights from The Funnel of Justice report:

• Limited Resources: Less than 1% of police resources are dedicated to cybercrime, despite technology being involved in 58% of all crimes.

• Underreporting: Only 36% of cybercrime victims report incidents to the police, compared to 79% of victims of offline crimes.
• High Case Closure Rate: 87% of cybercrime cases are closed without investigation, and 98% of cyber-enabled crimes see no further action.
• Justice Disparity: Cybercrime victims are 7 times less likely to see perpetrators charged or summoned than offline crime victims.
• Evolving Threats: Cybercriminals continuously adapt their tactics, outpacing authorities and leaving gaps in protection.
• Victim Impact: The effects of cybercrime extend far beyond financial loss, with many victims suffering from long-term mental health issues and a sense of insecurity.

From the report's introduction:

"Cybercrime and online harms are rapidly evolving, impacting millions of individuals annually in England and Wales alone. Despite their increasing frequency and complexity, the gaps in reporting, investigating, and achieving judicial outcomes for these crimes result in a lack of justice, closure, and a sense of safety for victims. This report combines The Cyber Helpline’s data with data from across the UK to explore these pitfalls from the point of victimisation through to successful prosecution.

Victims of cybercrime experience violent impacts in numerous areas of their lives, from their mental health to their physical safety to their financial status; the ability to report and achieve justice for the crime is a critical step in their recovery. However, significant gaps in understanding cybercrime and online harms leave victims wanting and needing more. This report aims to explore these gaps, focusing on the stages of the justice system where attrition is particularly significant and seeking to identify the factors that contribute to this. These stages include reporting, investigation and prosecution.

This report aims to provide a clear understanding of the dynamics of response to cybercrime and online harms by discussing these parts of the funnel. It highlights the need for improved reporting mechanisms, refined taxonomies, and an overhaul of the investigative framework for these crimes. Crucially, victims of cybercrime need pathways to justice that are clear, inclusive, and provide fairer outcomes for all."

Key recommendations from the report:

1. Create a Centralized Reporting System

   • A streamlined platform for victims to report cybercrimes directly to relevant agencies.
   • Integrate real-time support to improve reporting quality and victim confidence.

2. Revise Crime Classifications

   • Introduce a unified taxonomy for cybercrimes to ensure consistent recording and improve resource allocation.

3. Enhance Police Training and Capacity

   • Equip frontline officers with essential skills to manage cybercrime cases effectively.
   • Expand cybercrime units with specialized training and resources.

4. Promote Victim-Centric Approaches

   • Shift focus to victim well-being by offering psychological support and maintaining transparency during investigations.

5. Encourage Multi-Agency Collaboration

   • Foster partnerships among law enforcement, victim support organizations, and private-sector entities to share intelligence and resources.

Hooper concludes in the report:

"To create a UK where cybercriminals don't win, a multifaceted approach that encompasses increased capacity in policing, improvement of training and resources for those in the criminal justice system, and revised reporting systems is essential for closing gaps in the funnel of justice. This can only be achieved through multi-agency collaboration between the justice system, victim support services and the private sector to ensure a holistic support system for victims, effective data sharing and advancing evidence-based best practices.

By addressing the issues identified in this report, the UK can create a justice system that better serves those impacted by cybercrime and online harm. The effort involved requires investment and collaboration but is crucial to ensuring that victims of cybercrime and online harm have access to the justice they need, want and deserve."